Basics of Levobupivacaine

Levobupivacaine base and levobupivacaine hydrochloride.

Editor—The British Journal of Anaesthesia has published six papers comparing the effects of levobupivacaine, the S(–)stereoisomer of bupivacaine with bupivacaine and ropivacaine, between 1998 and 2004, and three papers on various aspects of levobupivacaine alone. None of these papers calculated the concentration according to molarity. Two of them noted that there is a difference between the cli...

Comparison of Levobupivacaine and Levobupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine in Infraumbilical Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia

Introduction Spinal anesthesia is a widely used technique providing faster onset with effective and uniformly distributed sensory and motor block. Due to decreased cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity, levobupivacaine is a good alternative for spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine when used intrathecally is associated with prolonged motor and sensory block, hemodynamic stability, and...

Comparison of Intrathecal Levobupivacaine and Levobupivacaine plus Fentanyl for Cesarean Section

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to compare the effects of intrathecal levobupivacaine with levobupivacaine and fentanyl in patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I and II scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated with thirty patients each. Group L: levobupivacaine group...

Computing basics

Basics of Surface Reconstruction

In this chapter we introduce some of the properties of surfaces and their samples in three dimensions. The results developed in this chapter are used in later chapters to design algorithms for surface reconstruction and prove their guarantees. Before we talk about these results, let us explain what we mean by smooth surfaces. Consider a map π : U → V where U and V are the open sets in R2 and R3...